This framework is agreed across all Learning Areas.

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Whenever we do research, write an assignment or an essay for school work we need to indicate where we found information, otherwise we are guilty of plagiarism, i.e. stealing someone else’s ideas without acknowledgment or saying that we have done so.
Read more about this: Copyright and Intellectual Property.
and Plagiarism
We need to say we have used books, pictures, videos, or other materials even if we use the ideas and re-write them in our own words or change them. If we use pictures or other work from the Internet or book in a public arena like our own web page, we have to obtain the original author’s permission.
At the end of our work, we need to place a list of works cited. There are many different formats for referencing systems and this is only one of them.
Have a look at the page about. Referencing and Citation.

However, we have chosen the MLA format as it is very simple to follow. The main thing is that we need to be consistent when we quote a reference or present our citations, so that each time we do it in the same way.
To help you
There is software online you can use

• Citation Maker (based on MLA style)
• RapidCite Your Works Cited made simple. mla, apa, chicago. free automates outputs word document.

An assignment with proper referencing on Australia is available. Web Document or Word Document

Within Your Assignment

Whenever we make a direct quotation from a work or paraphrase what an author has said (i.e. re-write a section in your own words), we must acknowledge this within our essay. In the course of our essay, we have a brief reference to the items we used. We must list in brackets both the author of the work and the page number.

Here the actual words copied from the book are in quotation marks.

"The man in the moon is green" (Bloggs 10).

Similarly, if we re-state the author’s words, we must still include the same information. Here, as we mention the author directly, we need to place only the page number in brackets.

Bloggs explains that there is a green man in the moon. (10).

Here though we have re-stated the idea in our own words we still need to indicate where we found the idea.

The inhabitant of the lunar surface is green. (Bloggs 10).

Here, we have found the same idea in a number of different works, or are summarizing a number of works on the same subject, so we need to use all the authors. Also, if we read the ideas scattered over a number of pages or the whole book, we do not need to indicate page numbers.

The moon is definitely rock and dust. (Smith, Jones, Brown).

If you are using books by authors with the same surname, add an initial.

“The moon is red dust”, (B. Smith 11) and “The moon is golden rock” (S. Smith 2) contradict this idea.

If quoting from the same author who has written different books, add the title.

Jones (The Eternal Moon 7) says the moon is rock from the earth. He argues (Jones The Solar System 8) this was in the time of the dinosaurs.

Sometimes you may have to use a quotation that you found in another source that was quoting from the original. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source.

Smith says that schools are merely "babysitting agencies” (qtd. in Murray 39).

When citing web pages use author if possible in the same way, otherwise use title.

Guide to format for a list at the end of your assignment

We must list full details of the work in our list of works cited or reference list or bibliography at the end of our assignment. The list should be alphabetical, so it is easy for a reader to find your full reference.
When handwriting use underlining instead of italics. If there is no author, list title first. If there is no date, write n.d. For periodicals use full dates in preference to volume and issue numbers.

Basic Format

Book

Web Page

Encyclopedias

Magazines

More Detailed Outlines
Books

Author’s surname, Author’s first name or initial. Title, City of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication

One author

Canter, Lee. How to write better book reports. Santa Monica: Lee Canter & Associates, 1989.

No author

The end of it all. London: J. Watts, 1999

Two authors

Scott, H., and Paul Bente. Swimming Home. New York: Harper & Row, 1997.

Notice only first author is reversed.

More than two authors

Smith, Will et al. Here We Are. Sydney: Morcom Publishing, 1999

Editor

Sand, Donald. ed. The New Century. 3rd ed. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1998.

Article or chapter in a book

Plus, J. "The intellectual development of the mind" Child development. Eds. P.H. Mind, J.J. Condon and J. Kraft. New York: Holland Press, 1970.

Article or chapter in a book (no author)

"Sourcing the answer". Technology 2020. ed. D. Need. Perth: Hollandia, 1997.

Encyclopedia

Author "Title of article". Title of Encyclopedia. City of publication: Publisher, Year of Publication

Clark, D. "Dinosaurs.” The New Encyclopaedia. Chicago: New Britannica, 1987

Only list volume or page numbers if encyclopedia is not organised alphabetically

"Sunspots" The Universal Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Universal Books, 1992. 565-72. 3 vols.

CD-ROM

"Title of section or article". Title of CD. CD-ROM. Publisher, Year of publication.

"Aardvark". Insight ’99. CD ROM. Mouse, 1999.

E.V.E.N: Animated Stars. CD-ROM. E.V.E.N Software, 1995.

Scholarly Journals

Author of article "Title of article" Title of magazine, Volume.Issue (Year of publication): page numbers

Smith, C. "The World Around" United Geographic, 1.4 (2001): 44-45.
"My sign" Star Journal. 1 (1999): 529-530.

Magazine/ Newspaper

Black, M. I. "Seeing the end" Lighthouse. October 29 1993: 673-674.

"A real beginning" African Bulletin. Mar 12 1998 :12

Video Recording/Television

Program Title Responsibility Videocassette City of publication: Publisher Year of publication

In the open. Prod. Max Jones Videocassette Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Taxes, 1995

Brochure

Publisher or producer Title. City of publication Year of publication

Planets Department of W.A. Stars and suns Perth, 1992.

Interview

Interviewee’s name Personal Interview Date of interview

Earp, Wyatt Personal Interview May 12 1996

World Wide Web

see also Referencing Web Pages and Electronic Information

Creator’s surname, Creator’s first name. Title. Year of publication. Name of Institution associated with site. Access date. <http://address/filename>

Make sure you notice the address when you go to the page, take a note of the person or organisation writing the page, the page title when it was up-dated and the date you found it. (Your browser may print some of these details if you print the page when you are at home. NOTE: NO printing from the web at school. Copy to a word processing document)

White, C. Softly Shine 1995. Sun Company. 2 March 1996, <http://www.sun.com.au/>

Bkaka, Joseph. Home page. 11 Oct. 1999. 19 Oct. 1999 <http://www.iinet.com.au/bkaka/index.html>

No Author

Educating Australia 1994. 5 May 1998. <http://www.tcn.gov.au/default.htm>

No Publication Date

Nome, T. J. An early roadway n.d. 5 December 1996 <http://www.rainbow.com/~slide.html>

Journal article on web

Use the text details first then add the online information.

Brown, Mark. "Investigating the Moon." The Satellites 6.6 (2000): 33 pars. 5 Dec. 2000 <http://www.moon.gov.au/sat.htm>.

Book on the web

Use the text details first then add the online information.

Nonnan, Eileen Ballads of the World London 1908. Poetry of the Past.
Ed. Peter White. Apr. 1997. London U. 26 Apr. 1998 <http://www.london.edu/~ball/noonan/>

Online Image or Sound

Artist or composer if available. "Description or title of image or sound." Date of image. Online image. Title of larger site. Date of download. <http://address/filename>.

White, Tim “Swan River” 1999 Online Image Pictures of Perth 13 Dec 1999 <http://www.perth.com.au/images>

E-mail messages

Author’s surname, author’s first name or initials “Title” E-mail to Your Name. Date
Cort, B. “News from the moon” E-mail to B. Bloggs. 13 Jan 1999

Discussion List

Brown, P. “Sweep Away” Online posting. 1999 Tom Johns Forum
12 Nov. 2000 <http://www.tomjonesforum/000001.html>

Note: Use underlining instead of italics if handwriting. Remember that acknowledgment proves you have done research. Then it is clear what your own thinking is, and what you have found elsewhere.
Great researching!!

Rosemary Horton Teacher Librarian